The chemical reaction equation of a lead-acid battery says:
PbO2+2H2SO4+Pb=PbSO4+2H2O+PbSO4
It can be seen from the reaction equation that the acid in the electrolyte only participates in the electrochemical reaction. During charging, it changes from the combined state of the solid on the electrode plate to a new ecology and enters the electrolyte, and when discharging, it enters the electrode plate from the electrolyte to form a combined state, in the form of a solid. exist in the plate. In this process, the sulfuric acid is only “thrown and puffed” in turn, and is not consumed. Therefore, as long as a certain density of sulfuric acid is added according to the instructions when the new battery is put into use, its acid content is sufficient for the normal electrochemical reaction. During the use of the battery, it is not necessary to add acid, and acid addition cannot be used as a technical means to restore the power. When the liquid level of the battery drops and the electrolyte needs to be replenished, only distilled water can be added instead of acid. In normal use, the amount of sulfuric acid evaporated through the acid mist is very small, which is completely negligible compared with the total amount of electro-hydraulic. The term “electric water” refers to a certain density of sulfuric acid electrolyte, not battery water. Some use units do not distinguish, and each time the battery is maintained and replenished, electrolyte is added, resulting in higher and higher density. Using the battery in this way has a very short lifespan.
This consumption of water is unavoidable. The quality of valve-regulated batteries can be largely measured by the amount of water dissipated. Under the use conditions of the communication base station, the water consumption of the 500A·h battery is usually in the range of 200~250ml per year. After the water is lost, the electrolyte is concentrated, and the back EMF of the battery will rise. Usually, the float voltage does not change, and the actual charging voltage of the battery decreases. This is the root cause of the vulcanization of the communication base station battery. It is very important to maintain the battery capacity by adding water in time and maintaining the density state of the electrolyte at the factory.